Kidney Stones in Children: A Growing Concern Parents Should Know About

Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology | June 24, 2025

When we think of kidney stones, we usually picture adults doubled over in pain. But did you know that kidney stones in children are becoming increasingly common? This condition, once rare in kids, is now being diagnosed more frequently in infants, school-aged children, and teens alike.

The rise in kidney stone cases has caught the attention of parents and healthcare professionals around the world. Diet, hydration, lifestyle, and genetic factors all play a role; and awareness is the first step in protecting your child’s health.

In this article, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for kidney stones in children. You’ll also find answers to common questions, when to see a pediatric urologist, plus practical prevention tips you can start using today.

Can children get kidney stones?

Yes, children can absolutely develop kidney stones. Though once considered an adult-only issue, pediatric urologists now report an increasing number of cases each year. Children of all ages, from toddlers to teens, can experience stones in the kidneys or urinary tract.

Early diagnosis is important, as untreated stones can lead to infections, blockages, or long-term kidney damage.

What causes kidney stones in children?

There isn’t one single cause, rather, several factors can contribute:

1. Dehydration: One of the most common causes. Many kids don’t drink enough water, especially during play or sports. Less fluid in the body means minerals and salts can crystallize in the kidneys, forming stones.
2. Dietary habits: High salt intake, sugary drinks, processed foods, and too much animal protein all increase stone risk. Unfortunately, these are common elements in many children’s diets today.
3. Family history: If a parent or sibling has had kidney stones, the chances rise significantly.
4. Medical conditions: Certain metabolic issues (like hypercalciuria), urinary tract abnormalities, and chronic infections can predispose children to stone formation.
5. Obesity: Excess weight is linked to a higher risk of kidney stones in children, as well as other urological problems.

What are the symptoms of kidney stones in children?

Recognizing the signs early can make all the difference. Watch for:

• Sharp or cramping pain in the side, abdomen, or lower back
• Blood in urine (pink, red, or brown color)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Frequent urge to urinate or pain while urinating
• Restlessness, irritability, or discomfort (especially in younger children)
• Fever or chills if infection is present

Not all stones cause pain right away. Sometimes the first sign may be blood in the urine during a routine checkup. If your child shows any of these symptoms, consult a pediatric urologist promptly.

How are kidney stones diagnosed in kids?

Pediatric diagnosis requires a gentle, child-friendly approach. The typical process includes:

• Medical history & physical exam: This helps identify dietary risks, genetic links, or underlying conditions.
• Urine tests: To check for crystals, blood, infections, and chemical imbalances.
• Blood tests:These assess calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and other markers linked to stone risk.
• Imaging:Ultrasound is often the first choice because it avoids radiation. If more detail is needed, a low-dose CT scan may be used.

A skilled pediatric urologist can interpret the results and recommend the best course of action based on your child’s unique needs.

Are kidney stones in children dangerous?

They can be. While some stones pass naturally, untreated stones can lead to complications:

• Pain and discomfort
• Urinary tract infections
• Blockage of urine flow, which can damage the kidneys
• Recurrent stones if prevention isn’t addressed
• Chronic kidney disease (rare, but possible with repeated untreated stones)

The good news? With prompt care and good follow-up, most kids recover fully. Seeing an experienced pediatric urologist ensures that your child’s kidneys stay healthy and strong.

How are kidney stones in children treated?

Treatment depends on the size, type, and location of the stone, and on your child’s age and overall health. Options include:

• Increased fluids: Encouraging your child to drink plenty of water helps flush out small stones naturally.
• Pain management: ver-the-counter pain relievers may be recommended during stone passage.
• Medical therapy: In some cases, medications can help dissolve certain types of stones or prevent new ones from forming.
• Minimally invasive procedures:

  Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) uses sound waves to break stones into smaller pieces that can be passed more easily.

  Ureteroscopy involves using a small scope to locate and remove or break up the stones.

  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be used for larger or complex stones, through a tiny incision in the back.

The goal is always to relieve symptoms quickly while preserving kidney function, with as little discomfort and downtime as possible.

How to prevent kidney stones in children?

Once a child has had one stone, they are more likely to develop another. Prevention is key! Here’s what parents can do:

• Promote good hydration: Water is the best drink, sugary sodas and juices can make things worse. Teach kids to drink regularly throughout the day.
• Encourage a balanced diet: Low-sodium, high-fiber meals with fruits and vegetables help prevent stone formation.
• Limit salty, processed, and high-oxalate foods (like chips, fast food, spinach, and chocolate) when needed.
• Promote a healthy weight and active lifestyle:Obesity is a risk factor.
• Stay on top of medical follow-ups: Regular check-ins with a pediatric urologist help monitor kidney health and catch any new issues early.

Why choose the Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology?

When your child’s health is at stake, you want the best care possible. The Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology (AINU) offers expert treatment for kidney stones in children, led by a team of experienced pediatric urologists. Our child-friendly approach, advanced technology, and compassionate staff ensure your little one is in good hands, from diagnosis to recovery.

If your child shows signs of kidney stones or has been diagnosed already, don’t wait. Book an appointment with our specialists today, early action can protect your child’s kidney health.

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