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Overview
TURBT: Endoscopic resection of bladder tumors or laser fulguration of tiny lesions
Robotic or open Radical cystectomy: Removal of cancerous bladder and surrounding lymph nodes. Urine diversion is done by an ileal conduit (urine tubes or ureters are attached to a segment of the small intestine and this is brought out through the tummy wall as stoma to which a urine bag is applied). In selected patients neobladder can be created where the intestinal segment is used to create a reservoir similar to urinary bladder, facilitating urine passage naturally.
Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Exposure to benzidine and beta-naphthylamine typically found in the dye industry
- Aging
- Gender (More in men)
- Bladder infection
- Birth defects in bladder
- Family history
- Arsenic traces in drinking water
- Low fluid consumption
Symptoms
- Blood in urine
- Urge to empty the bladder
- Increased frequency of urination
- Strain while urinating
- Pain while emptying the bladder
- Lower back pain
Diagnosis
- Bladder biopsy
- Ultrasound
- CT scan
- MRI Scan
Treatment Options
- Transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT)
- Cystectomy and lymph node dissection
- Urinary diversion
