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Female urology, also known as urogynecology or female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS), is a subspecialty within urology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of urological conditions specific to women. These conditions often involve the female urinary tract and pelvic floor, including the bladder, urethra, uterus, vagina, and surrounding muscles and tissues.
Female urologists are trained to manage a range of conditions such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, urinary tract infections, overactive bladder, voiding dysfunction, and pelvic floor disorders. They utilize various diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities, including medication management, behavioral therapies, minimally invasive procedures, and surgical interventions, to address these conditions and improve the quality of life for their patients. Consult the best female urologist in Hyderabad at AINU for the right treatment.
Urologic conditions affect both genders, but women may experience them differently. Conditions like urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections are more common in women due to the proximity of their urinary tract to the genital area. Factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, and sexual intercourse can exacerbate these conditions in women. Consulting a female urologist can help determine the type and cause of the condition.
It occurs when urine leaks during activities like coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting weight
SUI often stems from weakened perineal muscles due to multiple pregnancies, vaginal deliveries, or obstructed labor. Many women perceive it as an inevitable part of aging or a normal aspect of life.
Treatment options include Kegel exercises or medical interventions, although outcomes may vary. Surgical options, utilizing either Prolene mesh or autologous tissue, are commonly employed for SUI management.
Urinary leakage before reaching the restroom is Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI), often with frequency and/or nocturia.
Causes include urinary tract infections, aging, genitourinary tuberculosis, stones, or bladder carcinoma. Treatment involves medications like anticholinergics or B-agonists. If medication fails, a urodynamic study may be needed.
For resistant cases, treatments include sacral neuromodulation. Severe cases may require augmentation cystoplasty surgery.
Overflow incontinence occurs when there's continuous urinary leakage with a full bladder.
It's commonly seen in patients with neurogenic chronic urinary retention.
Treatment typically involves indwelling Foley catheterization for 3-4 weeks, followed by a urodynamic study to evaluate bladder function.
If an atonic bladder is diagnosed on urodynamic study, the patient may need clean intermittent catheterization or an indwelling catheter.
Overactive bladder occurs when the bladder muscles contract involuntarily, even when the urine volume is low. These contractions lead to an urgent need to urinate.
During pregnancy, the body undergoes significant changes, including kidney function and blood pressure fluctuations. Common issues include urinary tract infections, which can lead to complications like low birth weight or kidney infections requiring hospitalization and antibiotics. Kidney and ureteric stones may also occur, necessitating medication or stenting. Additionally, urinary incontinence due to pressure from the growing fetus is common, causing leakage during activities like coughing or laughing, which may persist after childbirth. Increased urination frequency and urgency are also typical during pregnancy.
Genitourinary fistulas are common complications of gynecological and obstetric procedures, with an incidence of 1-3 per 1000 deliveries. They are more prevalent in women with early-age pregnancies, cephalopelvic disproportion, and inadequate antenatal care during obstructed labor. Hysterectomy also poses risks, including bladder and ureteric injuries, leading to fistula formation. Other contributing factors include pelvic malignancy, irradiation, trauma, and foreign body erosions. Vesicovaginal fistulas are the most common, followed by ureterovaginal and vesicouterine fistulas.
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